Seismic Hazard Assessment in Machine Foundation Design: A Review Study

This paper comprehensively reviews seismic hazard assessment in machine foundation design and highlights key research directions for future studies. The review includes a detailed analysis of existing literature that covers wide range subjects associated with foundations. It begins an overview the evaluation procedure various factors influence it, such as soil properties, stiffness, earthquake excitation. Then, it discusses challenges foundations’ analysis, including impact dynamic loads soil-structure interaction. Following current research, identifies several essential These include development more accurate methodologies using sophisticated numerical modeling methods. also emphasizes need comprehensive experimental studies to validate models better understand behavior foundations under loads. In brief, knowledge design. importance proceed this field.